Exploring the potential mechanisms of anti-pulmonary fibrosis effects of Luo Han Guo via network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial lung condition distinguished by a complex etiology, poor prognosis and exhibiting high mortality rates. While therapeutic drugs are currently available, they often come with notable side effects. Luo Han Guo (LHG), a medicinal plant, is known for its properties in moistening the lungs, relieving cough, calming asthma, and resolving phlegm; however, systematic research on its potential therapeutic mechanisms and active ingredients for IPF is lacking. This study utilized network pharmacology to predict the active ingredients, key targets, and potential mechanisms of LHG's anti-IPF effects, followed by molecular docking simulations of the active ingredients and their potential targets, which were subsequently validated through in vivo experiments. From 91 potential targets of LHG, four key targets were identified. Analysis of the compound-target network diagram suggested that kaempferol, 11-oxomogroside V, and Mogrol may be the principal active compounds of LHG for treating IPF. Additionally, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that LHG might mitigate IPF through the PI3K/AKT and SRC/STAT3 pathways. In conclusion, this study provides preliminary insights into the active constituents and possible molecular mechanisms of LHG in alleviating IPF, offering a novel perspective for investigating the pharmacological effects of LHG in IPF treatment.