Dielectric and Bioactive CNC–PVA/BaFeTiO ₃ Nanocomposites for Sustainable Bone Tissue Engineering

ABSTRACT Towards fabricating cellulose nanocrystalline‐based biodegradable multifunctional bio‐composites, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), and barium iron titanate (BaFe 0.5 Ti 0.5 O 3 (BTF)) nanoparticles were reinforced into the polymer matrix. A chemical polymerization process was applied for fabricating BTF nanoparticles and cellulose nanocrystalline‐PVA@ BTF nanocomposites. Uniformly distributed BTF nanoparticles within a cellulose nanocrystalline–PVA matrix improve the structural, dielectric, and antimicrobial properties, proving the reinforcement effect of BTF addition. The bio‐nanocomposites demonstrated that the BTF nanoparticles facilitated the formation of hydroxyapatite‐like phases and enhanced the interaction between the polymer and filler. This was studied following a process involving simulated body fluid. The effects of adding BTF nanoparticles were analyzed using techniques such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dielectric measurements. Incorporation of BTF NPs enhances the dielectric constant by increasing interfacial polarization, whereas rising temperature further amplifies dielectric behavior by activating charge carriers. The immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) confirmed the conception of hydroxyapatite‐like segments, mainly with higher BTF‐ratio samples, confirming the bioactivity of the composites. These multifunctional nanocomposites offer promising potential for applications in bioelectronics and bone tissue engineering.