Semiconducting Bi <sub>2</sub> Te <sub>3</sub> –Semimetallic Sb Flexible Thermoelectric Generator Achieving High Power Density for Wearable Energy Harvesting

Wearable thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are promising for body-heat energy harvesting but require flexible, high-performance materials. We demonstrate a flexible thin-film TEG using n-type Bi2Te3 and a semimetallic p-type Sb leg, deposited entirely at room temperature on a polymer substrate using RF magnetron sputtering. The 10-pair device generates ∼49 mV open-circuit voltage and ∼0.54 μW power at a 25 K temperature difference (∼73 μW/(cm2·K) power density), with >90% performance retention after extensive bending and 10-week aging. On-skin tests yield ∼37 mV from typical human body heat, illustrating a robust approach for continuous wearable energy harvesting.

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Publication Details

Journal
ACS Applied Energy Materials
Published
2025-11-21
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.5c02858
Primary Topic
Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices
Type
article
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Semiconducting Bi 2 Te 3 –Semimetallic Sb Flexible Thermoelectric Generator Achieving High Power Density for Wearable Energy Harvesting

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Semiconducting Bi 2 Te 3 –Semimetallic Sb Flexible Thermoelectric Generator Achieving High Power Density for Wearable Energy Harvesting

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article en

Abstract

Wearable thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are promising for body-heat energy harvesting but require flexible, high-performance materials. We demonstrate a flexible thin-film TEG using n-type Bi2Te3 and a semimetallic p-type Sb leg, deposited entirely at room temperature on a polymer substrate using RF magnetron sputtering. The 10-pair device generates ∼49 mV open-circuit voltage and ∼0.54 μW power at a 25 K temperature difference (∼73 μW/(cm2·K) power density), with >90% performance retention after extensive bending and 10-week aging. On-skin tests yield ∼37 mV from typical human body heat, illustrating a robust approach for continuous wearable energy harvesting.

ACS Applied Energy MaterialsVol. 8(23)
National Institute of Technology Calicut (IN), VSB - Technical University of Ostrava (CZ), Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (IN), CEPT University (IN), Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (IN), Institute of Nanotechnology (GB), Advanced Materials and Devices (United States) (US), Indian Institute of Technology BHU (IN), Indian Institute of Science Bangalore (IN)
Openalex Percentile: Top 71%
Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices
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