Low-Carbon Economic Dispatch of Integrated Energy Systems with Electric Vehicle Participation

To achieve the coordinated optimization of economic and low-carbon objectives in integrated energy systems, this study develops a synergistic scheduling model combining electric vehicle clusters (V2G) with Power-to-Gas and Carbon Capture and Storage (P2G–CCS) technologies. The system integrates renewable generation (wind and solar) with conventional units, forming an integrated pathway for carbon capture and utilization through the P2G–CCS process. A virtual battery model is adopted to aggregate electric vehicles, whose flexibility is characterized by frequency regulation capacity constraints. Both battery degradation cost and V2G revenue are incorporated into a unified framework to assess the economic feasibility of EV participation. To address the stochastic and volatile nature of renewable generation, typical scenarios are generated through Monte Carlo sampling and scenario reduction for scheduling optimization. Case study results reveal that EVs achieve peak shaving and valley filling through off-peak charging and peak discharging, reducing the total system cost by 5.2%, with V2G revenue offsetting nearly 91% of degradation cost. The coordinated P2G–CCS operation shows remarkable carbon reduction potential, decreasing carbon trading and sequestration costs by approximately 46%. Overall, the proposed model effectively enhances both the economic and environmental performance of the integrated energy system, providing practical guidance for its low-carbon optimal operation.