Influencing Factors of Quality of Life in Elderly: A Comparative Cross-sectional Study in Old Age Homes and Senior Citizen Clubs

Objectives: Across the globe, the proportion of older adults has been gradually expanding over time. With increased longevity comes a range of challenges, including the transformation of family structures. Quality of life (QOL) is a significant concern among the elderly, which is also influenced by their place of residence. This study aims to assess the QOL and its influencing factors among old age homes (OAHs) and senior citizen club members. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 204 elderly individuals aged above 60 years, with an equal proportion from two settings: 102 participants living in OAHs and 102 community-based seniors actively engaged in social clubs across Anand District, Gujarat. Data were collected through interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire, along with the old people’s QOL-brief questionnaire to evaluate QOL. Associations were assessed using both univariate and multivariate analytical methods using the statistical software STATA 19. Results: Among all participants, 56.8% (116) were female, and 50.9% (104) belonged to the 71–80 age range. Half of the study participants were financially dependent. The average standardized score of QOL was significantly more in the senior social club group 89.7 ± 5.5, compared to OAHs residents 70.3 ± 10.3 ( P < 0.001). The lowest domain score among old age home residents was in social relationships, while the highest was in home and neighborhood. Using multivariable analysis, membership of a senior social club, education, and receiving a pension were identified as significant factors influencing QOL. Conclusion: In general, QOL was good in both settings. The findings reveal a lack of social and recreational activities among OAH residents. Receiving a pension emerged as a significant factor influencing the QOL among elderly individuals.