Magnetohydrodynamic Flow of Hybrid Ferrofluid Induced by a Spinning Disk

Introduction: The study aims to investigate the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) behavior of hybrid ferrofluid flow induced by a spinning disk, with a particular focus on the role of varying magnetic field strengths in shaping velocity profiles. Methods: The governing equations of mass, momentum, and energy conservation were numerically solved using the Finite Element Method (FEM) implemented through FlexPDE software. Simulations were conducted under three magnetic field strengths: 12 kA, 18 kA, and 27 kA, to assess their effects on radial, tangential, and axial velocity components. Results: Increasing magnetic field strength was found to significantly reduce fluid velocity due to the opposing Lorentz force. Radial and tangential velocities decreased near the disk surface, while axial velocity exhibited attenuation at greater distances from the disk. The results also showed that the weakening of the magnetic field with distance follows the inverse square law. Hybrid ferrofluids demonstrated superior modulation of boundary layers compared to conventional ferrofluids. Discussion: The findings highlight the critical role of magnetic field intensity in controlling the flow dynamics of hybrid ferrofluids. The observed velocity suppression and enhanced boundary layer modulation are consistent with magnetohydrodynamic principles and underscore the synergistic thermal and magnetic advantages of hybrid ferrofluids. These outcomes suggest potential applications in industrial and biomedical systems where precision fluid control is required. Conclusion: Magnetic field strength serves as a decisive parameter in regulating hybrid ferrofluid flow over spinning disks. By demonstrating velocity suppression and improved boundary layer control, this study provides valuable insights for optimizing the performance of MHD-based technologies in engineering and biomedical domains.