Anthelmintic Activity of Traditional Medicinal Plants Used in Europe

Synthetic anthelmintic drugs not only contribute to the development of pathogen resistance and environmental pollution but also to the development of pathogen resistance. Therefore, identifying the anthelmintic properties of widely used medicinal plants could be of great practical interest to veterinary and human medicine. In our experiment, we evaluated the in vitro survivability of the noninvasive and invasive (L_1-2 and L_3, respectively) larvae of <i>Strongyloides papillosus</i> and <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> subject to aqueous solutions of ethanolic tinctures of traditional medicinal plants (46 species). Most of the plant species we studied belonged to the families Asteraceae (<i>Achillea millefolium</i>, <i>Arctium lappa</i>, <i>Artemisia absinthium</i>, <i>Bidens tripartita</i>, <i>Calendula officinalis</i>, <i>Cynara cardunculus</i> var. <i>scolymus</i>, <i>Echinacea purpurea</i>, <i>Helichrysum arenarium</i>, <i>Inula helenium</i>, <i>Matricaria chamomilla</i>, <i>Silybum marianum</i>, <i>Tanacetum vulgare</i>, <i>Taraxacum officinale</i>, <i>Tragopogon porrifolius</i>), Rosaceae (<i>Agrimonia eupatoria</i>, <i>Fragaria vesca</i>, <i>Sanguisorba officinalis</i>), and Lamiaceae (<i>Leonurus cardiaca</i>, <i>Mentha × piperita</i>, <i>Origanum vulgare</i>, <i>Salvia officinalis</i>, <i>Thymus vulgaris</i>). Other plant families were represented by 1-3 species: Fabaceae (<i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i>, <i>Hedysarum alpinum</i>, <i>Trifolium pratense</i>), Salicaceae (<i>Populus nigra</i>, <i>P. tremula</i>, <i>Salix alba</i>), Fagaceae (<i>Quercus robur</i>), Betulaceae (<i>Betula pendula</i>), Juglandaceae (<i>Juglans regia</i>), Rhamnaceae (<i>Frangula alnus</i>), Acoraceae (<i>Acorus calamus</i>), Apiaceae (<i>Foeniculum vulgare</i>), Caprifoliaceae (<i>Valeriana officinalis</i>), Cucurbitaceae (<i>Cucurbita pepo</i>), Equisetaceae (<i>Equisetum arvense</i>), Ericaceae (<i>Vaccinium vitis-idaea</i>), Gentianaceae (<i>Centaurium erythraea</i>), Hypericaceae (<i>Hypericum perforatum</i>), Malvaceae (<i>Althaea officinalis</i>), Plantaginaceae (<i>Linaria vulgaris</i>, <i>Plantago major</i>), Poaceae (<i>Zea mays</i>), Polygonaceae (<i>Polygonum aviculare</i>), and Ranunculaceae (<i>Nigella sativa</i>). We determined <i>Artemisia absinthium</i>, <i>Inula helenium</i>, <i>Matricaria chamomilla</i>, <i>Salvia officinalis</i>, and <i>Populus nigra</i>, whose aqueous solutions of alcohol tinctures demonstrated nematocidal properties. The other plants we studied did not affect the viability of parasitic nematode larvae.