Transforming textile coloration: a review of sustainable and innovative dyeing methods

Purpose This study aims to explore innovative and sustainable textile coloration technologies that minimize environmental impact by reducing water, energy and chemical consumption while maintaining efficiency and quality in textile processing. Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive review of emerging eco-friendly dyeing and printing technologies, including waterless dyeing, supercritical CO2 dyeing, enzymatic processing and microbial dyeing. The study compares these methods with conventional techniques in terms of efficiency, cost and sustainability. Findings Advanced dyeing technologies significantly lower water and chemical usage, reduce energy consumption and minimize wastewater pollution. While promising, challenges such as high initial investment and fiber compatibility need further research for widespread industrial adoption. Social implications Sustainable textile coloration benefits society by reducing worker exposure to toxic chemicals, preserving water resources and improving environmental conditions in textile-producing regions, thereby promoting public health and sustainability. Originality/value This study provides a concise yet comprehensive review of modern sustainable textile dyeing techniques, offering valuable insights for researchers, manufacturers and policymakers in advancing eco-friendly textile processing.