The Position of Tomoip in the Oceanic Family

Abstract: Tomoip is an Oceanic language spoken on the island of New Britain in the Bismarck Archipelago of Papua New Guinea. Although previously thought by some to be a non-Austronesian language, Tomoip is undeniably a member of the Oceanic branch of the Austronesian family. However, its precise classification has remained a challenge, largely because its lexicon seemingly contains a high percentage of non-Austronesian content and its Austronesian forms exhibit several complex sound correspondences. This paper provides a historical phonology of Tomoip, detailing the sound changes that have led from Proto-Oceanic to contemporary Tomoip. Based on these sound changes and morphological evidence, we propose that Tomoip is most closely related to the New Ireland subgroup of the Meso-Melanesian cluster. We further hypothesize that Tomoip and Proto-New Ireland are coordinate branches of a single proto-language, which we call Proto-Tomoip–New Ireland.