A Comparative Analysis of Prevalence and Recurrence of Patient- and Implant-level Peri-implantitis: A Systematic Review

Peri-implantitis is characterized by a destructive inflammatory lesion with a polymicrobial etiology, affecting both soft and hard tissues, leading to progressive peri-implant bone loss, pocket formation, and inflammation. 8,9The 2017 World Workshop on the categorization of periodontal and peri-implant disorders and conditions presented a new categorization scheme for periodontal and peri-implant disorders. 10,11In the absence of a previous examination, PI may be diagnosed based on the combination of IntroductIonPeriodontitis, an inflammatory condition that affects the tooth's surrounding components, can result in functional and psychological issues, such as tooth loss and edentulism, if left untreated.Dental implants, with their predictable and trustworthy nature, are now often utilized to replace lost and untreatable teeth. 1,2With a survival rate of 90-95% for more than 5 years, dental implants are now among the safest options for replacing missing teeth, regardless of the etiology. 3,4mplant failures are categorized into early failures, occurring before or shortly after osseointegration, and are often due to biological factors that impede osseointegration.Factors contributing to early failure include inadequate bone quality or quantity, surgical trauma, infection, and systemic conditions such as uncontrolled diabetes.Additionally, immunological and genetic factors may play a role in the body's rejection of the implant. 5Late failure arises after the implant has been in function, often within 1-3 years postplacement.Common causes include peri-implantitis (PI), excessive mechanical loading, bruxism (teeth grinding), retained subgingival cement, and inadequate prosthetic design.Systemic factors, such as osteoporosis and smoking, can also contribute to late implant failure.