Dynamic Modeling and Experimental Insights in a 10 kWe Micro Gas Turbine Prototype: Experimental Validation and Testing

Abstract The growing need for decentralized and renewable power generation increases demand for flexible and highly efficient small-scale power units. Microgas turbines (mGTs) are strong candidates for combined heat and power applications in residential, commercial, and industrial sectors, typically delivering below 500 kWe. They can compensate for demand fluctuations in renewable-dominated grids, which can make them ideal for modern energy systems. However, their reliable operation under transient and part-load conditions needs to be assessed, calling for computationally efficient models that enable real-time performance prediction, control, and optimization. In this paper, the development and validation of a dynamic 0D real-time model of a 10 kWe mGT prototype is presented. The MATLAB/Simulink model integrates individual engine components—compressor, turbine, recuperator, combustor, and control system—through refined differential equations. This structure ensures both flexibility and fast computation while capturing key transient dynamics. The 10 kWe prototype, developed by MITIS SA, targets residential energy systems, biomethanization plants, and decentralized power for 5G networks. The system was experimentally validated, as key parameters were measured throughout the cycle under transient and part-load conditions. Key outputs such as shaft speed, turbine inlet temperature, and cycle pressures showed very good agreement with measurements, staying within sensor uncertainty ranges. This validated real-time software provides a modular foundation for future extensions, including humidification, two-stage cycle configurations, and advanced control strategies.