Triple Renal Artery and Anomalous Origin of the Inferior Phrenic Artery: A Case Report

Background/Objectives: Understanding anatomical variations in the abdominal vasculature, particularly of the inferior phrenic arteries (IPAs) and renal arteries (RAs), is essential in surgery and radiology, as such variations directly influence preoperative planning and therapeutic strategies. Although IPAs most commonly arise from the abdominal aorta (AA) or the celiac trunk, and RAs from the AA, anomalous origins have clinical significance, notably the emergence of the IPA from the RA. This study reports the concomitant occurrence of a triple right renal artery and the atypical origin of the ipsilateral inferior phrenic artery. Case Report: During a routine cadaveric dissection, three right renal arteries (superior, middle, and inferior) were identified in an adult male specimen, along with an anomalous origin of the right inferior phrenic artery (RIPA). The RIPA originated from the superior renal artery (SRA), ascended superolaterally to the inferior vena cava and bifurcated at the diaphragmatic dome. The SRA also gave rise to two right inferior suprarenal arteries. Conclusions: The coexistence of a triple renal artery and anomalous origin of the IPA represents an exceptionally uncommon and scarcely reported vascular configuration. This finding underscores the importance of meticulous preoperative vascular mapping, crucial for preventing intraoperative and iatrogenic complications. Broader anatomical and radiological studies are warranted to better elucidate the prevalence, developmental basis, and clinical implications of such variations.