A robot that unknots knots

Consider a robot that remembers only the starting position and walks along a knot once on a knot diagram, switching every undercrossing it meets until it returns to the starting position. We observe that the robot produces an ascending diagram, and we provide a new combinatorial proof that every ascending or descending knot diagram can be transformed into the zero-crossing unknot diagram. Using the machinery developed from the combinatorial proof, we show that the minimal number of Reidemeister moves required for such a transformation is bounded above by [Formula: see text] if the diagram has [Formula: see text] crossings. Moreover, we provide a new alternative proof that there exist sequences of Reidemeister moves that do not increase the number of crossings and transform ascending or descending knot diagrams into zero-crossing unknot diagrams.