Equilibrium deployment of PV-ESS-HFC systems in low-carbon DNs considering the resilience under potential seasonal disasters

Aiming at realizing net-zero carbon emission of distribution networks (DNs), high proportion of renewable energies are utilized instead of fossil fuels. However, due to the fluctuation of uncertain power supply resources, the stability and reliability of DNs are weaken. PV-ESS-HFC systems, containing photovoltaics (PVs), energy storage systems (ESSs) and hydrogen fuel cells (HFCs), are effective measures to make full utilization of low-carbon electricity and maintain the security of DNs. However, the resilience, ecology and economics are hardly balanced because of the contradictory tendencies between the above objectives with different magnitudes and dimensions. This paper proposes to pursue an equilibrium schedule of PV-ESS-HFC systems to enhance the resilience of DNs considering the limitation of carbon emission. Firstly, probabilistic potential seasonal disaster scenarios are generated based on data-mechanism cooperative driven model. On this basis, operation characteristics and dispatch capabilities of PV-ESS-HFC systems are quantified considering economic operation states and potential extreme disasters. Then, an equilibrium pre-deployment strategy of PV-ESS-HFC systems is established via Nash bargaining, so the above three objectives can be improved jointly. Finally, simulation tests of a 3-feeder 62-node 10 kV DN verify the superiority and robustness of the proposed Nash bargaining based equilibrium deployment strategy of PV-ESS-HFC systems in low-carbon resilient DNs.