Modern Understanding in the Causes and Prevention of Heart Failure

Abstract Heart failure is a complex and multifaceted disease resulting from a range of causes, including ischemic heart disease, hypertension, valvular heart disease, and arrhythmia. The pathogenesis of heart failure involves neuroendocrine activation, dysregulated myocardial metabolism, inflammation, and endothelial cell injury. The prevention of heart failure centers on managing the underlying diseases, mitigating risk factors, and preventing complications. This review mainly addresses the etiology, risk factors, and preventive approaches related to this condition.