Comparative genomics and evolutionary insights in divergence and expression of CYP450 super gene family in citrus (C. sinensis, C. grandis&P. trifoliata)

Cytochrome P450 supergene family members play a significant role in the synthesis of various compounds that support plant growth, development and biosynthetic pathways. A combined genome-wide analysis of this gene family across three citrus species: C. sinensis (Cs), C. grandis (Cg), and P. trifoliata (Pt) was performed. 510 members of the P450 gene family in citrus species, with amino acid lengths ranging from 292 to 1260aa, molecular weights between 33.32 and 153.91 kDa, and isoelectric points between 6.67 and 9.47 were identified. The phylogenetic tree divided this superfamily into 43 subfamilies, which were further classified into clans.Based on the number of identified genes, C. sinensis and C. grandis have 8 clans, while P. trifoliata has 6 clans.Subcellular localization results revealed that members of the P450 gene family were randomly distributed across a variety of organelles. One to twenty conserved motifs were found. The number of introns and exons differed among species in relation to gene length. Cis-regulatory elements in the promoter regions of all species were linked to various types of stresses, especially abiotic stresses. During synteny analysis, divergence and col-linearity relationships were observed among the genes of three species. PPI network analysis showed strong interactions among all CYPs. Moreover, expression analysis under biotic and abiotic stress conditions revealed high variation in gene expression, with more significant changes observed under abiotic stress conditions compared to biotic stresses. This study gives insight of the Cytochrome P450 super gene family in C. sinensis under heat stress.