Numerical model for pressure wave prediction of liquid hydrogen BLEVE

Hydrogen is gaining attention as a zero-emission energy carrier with significant potential for large-scale storage and transportation, particularly liquid hydrogen (LH2), due to its high energy density. However, LH2 faces the risk of BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion) when overheating system fails, which imposes threats to people, facilities, and structures in the vicinity. Accurately predicting the blast waves generated by LH2 BLEVE is crucial for enhancing hydrogen safety. This study develops a novel CFD model integrating physical explosion and chemical detonation effects, achieving the first full replication of the overpressure-time history of an LH2 BLEVE. The model replicates the vertical rise of overpressure observed experimentally, with errors of less than 3 % for peak overpressure and 6 % for impulse, validating its robustness for evaluating LH2 BLEVE. Furthermore, the study compares the proposed method with existing approaches for BLEVE wave pressure predictions, quantifies the contributions of chemical and physical energies, and performs sensitivity analyses. Unlike previous models limited to predicting peak overpressure, this model provides complete overpressure time histories, enabling more reliable LH2 BLEVE risk assessment. These advancements mark a significant step toward enhancing hydrogen safety. • LH2 BLEVE process identified as four distinct stages. • First CFD model to fully replicate LH2 BLEVE overpressure history. • Detonation and high-pressure release contribute to LH2 BLEVE overpressure. • Accurate CFD predictions validated by experimental LH2 data.