Unveiling the obesogenic neighborhood food environment factors and typologies in Tianjin, China: an integrative analysis of perceived and objective measures

This study revealed that within the context of China's urban built environment, the prevalence of "food deserts" is minimal. Conversely, an augmented proportion of widely recognized healthy food facilities in developed Western countries has been observed to heighten the risk of obesity, including supermarkets and fresh food markets. This phenomenon exhibits a scale-dependence, indicating that its impact increases with the magnitude of the scale. The most salient characteristic of obesogenic neighborhoods in China is their high objective environmental risk. The study examined and identified neighborhood-level obesity factors and provided a generalizable method for identifying obesogenic neighborhood types, thereby providing empirical evidence for obesity research in developing countries.