Two doses of venom from Bothrops jararaca and Bothrops atrox emitted cytokines and mast cells activation in the peritoneal fluid of C57BL/6 mice 9220

Abstract Description The study examined inflammation caused by Bothrops atrox (Ba) and Bothrops jararaca (Bj) venom in the peritoneum, focusing on activation of mast cells that produce inflammatory mediators. Cytokines like TNF-a, IL-6, and MCP-1 enhance the inflammatory response, while IL-10 regulates and promotes tissue recovery. Ba and Bj venoms trigger intense inflammation, with bioactive proteins that degrade tissue and activate immune cells, leading to edema, hemorrhage, and pain. Bj venom, common in southeastern Brazil, and Ba venom, mainly in the Amazon, are primary causes of snakebites in Latin America. Their inflammatory potential contributes to necrosis and, in severe cases, organ failure, emphasizing the need for treatments like antivenoms and anti-inflammatory therapies. Cytokine analysis offers insights into local immune responses, aiding research into diagnostic biomarkers and promoting safer practices in high-risk areas. In this study, Ba and Bj venoms were injected into female mice, and flow cytometry and ELISA measured cytokine levels (MCP-1, TNF-a, IL-6, IFN-y IL-10). Both venoms significantly increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, with Ba showing higher levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1. IL-10 was elevated in both groups, indicating a regulatory response. The findings highlight immune modulation by Ba and Bj venoms, suggesting that tailored treatments with antivenoms and anti-inflammatory agents may effectively manage the inflammatory effects of these venoms. Funding Sources Centro de Toxinas, Imuno-Resposta e Sinalização Celular (CETICs) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo - (FAPESP) Topic Categories Cytokines and Chemokines and Their Receptors (CCR)