Multi-Classification of Drug–Drug interaction based on a complete graph convolutional neural network and explainable artificial intelligence

Multi-drug therapy has become more common in recent years, especially among older people who have many illnesses. However, patients are put at risk when unanticipated drug-drug interactions (DDIs) result in negative reactions or serious toxicity. Predicting possible DDI by computational model improves the drug design process and minimizes unexpected drug interactions and research expenses. In this paper, the proposed model is constructed by a complete graph convolutional neural (GCN) network on publicly DDI data from the DrugBank, including 65 classes for DDI prediction. In this data, the number of samples is 37,264 for two drugs with three optimal features, including the chemical, target, and enzyme. This multi-classification model consists of three phases, including drug preprocessing, three layers of GCN, and a fully connected network. The findings confirmed the performance of this proposed model, achieving an accuracy of 95.12%, which is the best result compared with previous works on the same data. Although the data was imbalanced, this paper primary contribution was to enhance both the computational time and the classification evaluation metrics rather than other state-of-the-art models. Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is applied SHapley Additive exPlainations (SHAP) to the proposed model to avoid misclassification and produce easily comprehensible results. This proposed model will help to explore the possible drug hazards and support intelligent pharmaceutical management.