Blood derivatives as monotherapy and combination therapy: A promising strategy for wound healing

Wound healing is a highly orchestrated biological process, and any disruption or delay in its progression can result in the formation of chronic wounds. Such conditions impose a considerable clinical and socioeconomic burden on both patients and healthcare systems. Over the years, numerous therapeutic strategies have been investigated to promote tissue repair, with varying degrees of success. Among these, blood-derived products have emerged as a focal point of interest, owing to their regenerative potential and bioactive composition. Preparations including platelet-rich plasma, platelet-rich fibrin, platelet lysates, and autologous conditioned serum have demonstrated the capacity to enhance healing through the delivery of concentrated growth factors and cytokines. Each derivative possesses distinct advantages and limitations determined by its cellular content, biomolecular profile, and method of preparation. Most commonly presented in liquid or gel form, these products can be applied to diverse wound types and tailored to specific treatment protocols. Their use may be autologous or allogeneic, and they can be employed alone or in combination with other therapeutic modalities to achieve synergistic effects. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the characteristics, preparation techniques, biochemical composition, and clinical efficacy of various blood derivatives, underscoring their value either as standalone interventions or as part of multimodal regimens in advancing wound healing.