Reintegration of Ex-Combatants by Civil Society Organizations: A Social Network Analysis of Peace Webs

Local civil society organizations (CSOs) play a vital yet underrecognized role in disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) efforts. Traditionally limited to vocational training or dialogue facilitation, their potential as key actors in sustainable DDR programming is overlooked. This paper examines how CSOs in Tripoli, Lebanon, contributed to post-conflict reintegration following clashes between Sunni and Alawite groups from 2011 to 2014. Using social network analysis (SNA), it explores how CSOs build ties for effective DDR strategies. Findings show that CSOs’ strong local embeddedness allows them to act as trusted brokers between ex-combatants across sectarian lines. Furthermore, SNA offers valuable tools to analyze these networks and assess program impact. The study concludes that CSO-led initiatives leveraging community trust and local social capital not only improve reintegration outcomes but also enhance prospects for long-term peace. It highlights the need to reconceptualize CSOs as central agents in DDR design and implementation.