Prevalence of Peri-Implant Disease in Treated Chronic Periodontitis Patients on Supportive Therapy: A Cross-Sectional Evaluation After 1 Year of Implant Function

Peri-implant diseases such as peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis adversely affect human health and oral wellbeing, posing a notable public health challenge, particularly in patients with a history of generalized chronic periodontitis. These biofilm-mediated inflammatory conditions represent an infectious disease process that can progress to peri-implant disease and functional illness if not managed appropriately. Early identification and timely intervention, guided by principles of preventive medicine, during the post-restorative maintenance phase are essential for long-term implant success. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis one year after prosthetic loading in patients with previously treated generalized chronic periodontitis, maintained on regular supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). The study included patients aged 30-60 years with a history of generalized chronic periodontitis who had undergone full-mouth periodontal flap surgery and were compliant with SPT for at least one-year post-implant prosthetic loading. Peri-implant conditions were diagnosed according to the 2017 AAP/EFP classification criteria. Data from 403 patients and 679 implants were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 to determine prevalence rates at both patient and implant levels. Among 403 patients (44.9% female, 55.1% male), 55.6% exhibited peri-implant health, 28.5% had peri-implant mucositis, and 15.9% showed peri-implantitis. At the implant level, 73.8% of the 679 implants were healthy, while 15.2% had mucositis and 11.0% had peri-implantitis. In a high-risk population with a history of generalized chronic periodontitis and adherence to supportive periodontal therapy, peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis were prevalent one-year post-loading. These findings underscore the importance of rigorous monitoring and tailored maintenance protocols to prevent peri-implant disease progression in susceptible patients.