Behind the wheel and under the lens: How gender stereotypes drive perception in Türkiye

Driving is deeply embedded in societal norms and shaped by gender stereotypes. This study examines the impact of cultural and gendered expectations on perceptions of driving behaviors, with a focus on cognitive and safety skills, rule compliance, and risk-taking tendencies. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 43 participants (22 females, 21 males) aged 19–61 years. Thematic analysis uncovered five key themes: (1) male drivers are perceived as confident yet prone to risk-taking, (2) female drivers are seen as cautious but often underestimated, (3) cognitive and safety skills are viewed as products of experience and training rather than inherent abilities, (4) societal pressures play a significant role in shaping driving violations and risk-taking behaviors, and (5) cross-gender comparisons reveal both positive and negative perceptions shaped by entrenched stereotypes. These findings highlight systemic biases rooted in cultural norms influencing how drivers are perceived and treated. The study underscores the need for culturally tailored interventions, such as unbiased driver education programs, awareness campaigns, and equitable policy reforms, to address stereotypes and foster inclusivity in traffic systems. By situating these findings within the broader framework of gender dynamics, the study offers actionable insights to promote equitable and safer road environments for all users.