Textile electronic systems for therapeutic applications

Abstract Wearable therapeutic systems must integrate with the body, operate reliably under strain, and deliver sustained stimuli. Textile-based electronics meet these needs with softness, breathability, and scalability. This review outlines materials, structural design, functionalization, and system integration for therapeutic e-textiles. We examine electrical, thermal, chemical, optical, and mechanical modalities across clinical uses, highlight energy solutions, and discuss challenges in durability, performance, and manufacturing needed for translation to practical, personalized therapies.