Performance analysis of 765 kV, 500 kV and 220 kV NTDC-14 bus transmission network via optimal integration of UPFC

This study introduces a novel use of a modified Sea Horse Optimizer (mSHO) to determine the optimal locations and sizing for Unified Power Flow Controllers (UPFC) in the real-time multi-voltage transmission network. The suggested approach combines the simultaneous minimization of total Active Power Loss (APL), total Reactive Power Loss (RPL), and average voltage V a v g in the form of a Multi-Objective Index (MOI). The approach is validated on Pakistan’s NTDC 14-bus 765/500/220 kV transmission network and IEEE 14 and 30-bus test systems. Simulations are performed after a comparison of operation with and without UPFCs. Results show that mSHO reduced APL and RPL by up to 61 % in the NTDC system, while significantly improving the average voltage to 1.0180 which is well within permissible limits. Notable performance improvements were also observed in IEEE 14 and 30 test bus systems. • Improving the performance of NTDC 14-bus transmission system by optimally integrating the Unified Power Flow Controllers (UPFCs). Also implementing the results on IEEE 14 and IEEE 30-bus configurations. • Investigating the possibility of placement of multiple UPFCs for the improvement of transmission system performance. • Devising a novel Modified Sea Horse Optimizer (mSHO) algorithm for determining optimal placement and sizing of the UPFCs. • Minimizing the APL and RPL by using the mSHO technique by optimally placing the UPFCs while keeping the voltage profile within limit.