Simplified Meal Bolus Strategies with Control-IQ+ Automated Insulin Delivery Are Safe and Effective in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes
<b><i>Objective:</i></b> To characterize simplified meal bolus strategies in adults with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes using automated insulin delivery (AID). <b><i>Research Design and Methods:</i></b> In the 2IQP study, a 13-week randomized, controlled trial comparing Control-IQ+ AID to continuation of pre-study insulin regimen with continuous glucose monitoring, 201 participants in the AID arm were classified by meal bolus strategy. Glycemic outcomes were compared to baseline. <b><i>Results:</i></b> 68 participants' meal bolus strategies (33.8%) were classified as Carbohydrate Counting, 79 (39.3%) were classified as Preset Carbohydrate Amounts, 27 (13.4%) were classified as Fixed Insulin Doses, and 27 (13.4%) as Other Methods. All bolus strategies were associated with similar, significant improvements in HbA1c from baseline: -0.9% for Carbohydrate Counting (<i>P</i> < 0.001), -1.1% for Preset Carbohydrate Amounts (<i>P</i> < 0.001), -0.8% for Fixed Insulin Doses (<i>P</i> < 0.001), and -0.9% for Other Methods (<i>P</i> = 0.003). Hypoglycemia rates were low at baseline and remained low for all bolus strategies. As participants gained experience with the Control-IQ+ AID system, more participants opted to use a simplified bolus strategy in the second half of the study compared with the first half (63% vs. 52%). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Simplified bolus strategies worked well for adults with type 2 diabetes using Control-IQ+ in the 2IQP trial. All bolus strategies led to substantial HbA1c improvements, without safety concerns.
Authors
- Carol J. Levy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3492-2578)
- Tamara Spaic (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7161-1752)
- Lauren Kanapka (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4440-5168)
- Victor M. Lu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9470-5890)
- Devin Steenkamp (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7132-3657)
- Jordan E. Pinsker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4080-9034)
- Stanley L. Marks (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7991-702X)
- Roy W. Beck (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5194-8446)
- John W. Lum (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0006-4376)
- Peter Zhao
- Sue A. Brown (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-6270)
Institutions
- Boston University (US)
- Boston Medical Center (US)
- Rainier Clinical Research Center (US)
- Tandem Diabetes Care (United States) (US)
- Jaeb Center for Health Research (US)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics
- Published
- 2025-11-20
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1177/15209156251395035
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Diabetes Management and Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 1.29