The Prevalence and Trends of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy Among Hospitalized Patients Undergoing Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

CIN is an increasingly prevalent complication in patients undergoing CRT and is associated with worse clinical outcomes and higher healthcare utilization. These findings underscore the need for implementing standardized nephroprotective strategies, including contrast minimization protocols and early risk stratification, to mitigate renal complications in this high-risk population.