Analysing emissions in compression ignition engines powered by diesel blend with bio diesel and nano particles

• Biodiesel mixtures with nanoparticles have better combustion efficiency. • Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles decrease CO₂ emission in diesel-biodiesel mixtures by up to 8 %. • Nano-additives reduce the level of CO emissions during high engine loads. • The reduction in emissions of NOx was higher with nano additive blends compared to those with biodiesel. • The emission reductions using Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles are confirmed by numerical and experimental evidence. This research involves both experimental and numerical studies that explore how different amounts of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄) in biodiesel blends influence combustion in a single cylinder diesel engine. To simulate the engine dynamics and combustion processes, Diesel Engine Fluent, a specialized numerical tool from ANSYS 19.0 software, was employed. Biodiesel blends were tested with three levels of Fe₃O₄ concentration: 50, 100, and 150 ppm. The samples used in these tests were labelled as D100, D80B20, D80B20N50, D80B20N100, and D80B20N150 (D80 stands for 80 % diesel, B20 for 20 % biodiesel, and N for nanoparticle). Various engine loads, ranging from 20 % to 90 %, were examined at speeds between 1100 and 2200 rpm. The presence of nano additives led to a reduction in emissions, attributed to their catalytic effects and enhanced surface area. The findings indicated that the addition of nanoparticles effectively lowered emissions. At a 90 % load, CO₂ emissions decreased by 3 %, 5 %, and 8 % for the D80B20, D80B20N50, D80B20N100, and D80B20N150 blends, respectively. Additionally, the presence of nano-additives also contributed to a decline in CO emissions from these blends. Furthermore, the combustion of the nanoparticle mixtures produced lower NOx emissions compared to the D80B20 blend. Nanoparticle additives have been studied as a potential method for improving diesel engine performance. These additives are intended to increase the combustion characteristics of diesel fuel, resulting in enhanced engine efficiency. The current work includes experimental and numerical investigations to the effect of biodiesel blends with different iron oxide nanoparticle (Fe 3 O 4 ) concentration on combustion process in single cylinder of diesel engine. Improving the examination of diesel engine emissions are the main features of this analysis.