Comparative Analysis of Maxillary Central Incisor Width, Length, and Proportions between Genders

Objective: To compare the width, length, and width-to-length ratio of the right and left maxillary central incisors between males and females. Study Design: A cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Prosthodontics, Saidu College of Dentistry, Saidu Sharif, Swat, Pakistan; from January 2023 to December 2023. Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty participants (75 males; 75 females) were included. Mesiodistal width and gingivo-incisal length of right and left MCI were measured on casts using a digital Vernier caliper (0.01 mm). Group means were compared with independent-samples t-tests (two-sided α = 0.05); Cohen’s d and 95% CIs were reported. Results: Males showed larger MCI dimensions than females. For the right MCI, width was 8.6 ± 0.4 mm in males vs 8.2 ± 0.3 mm in females (p < 0.001; d = 0.89), and length was 11.2 ± 0.5 mm vs 10.8 ± 0.4 mm (p < 0.001; d = 0.82). For the left MCI, width was 8.5 ± 0.4 mm vs 8.1 ± 0.3 mm (p < 0.001; d = 0.87), and length was 11.1 ± 0.5 mm vs 10.7 ± 0.4 mm (p < 0.001; d = 0.80). Differences in the W/L ratio were small (right: p = 0.051; d = 0.32; left: p = 0.034; d = 0.35). Conclusion: Maxillary central incisors exhibit clear sexual dimorphism in size—males have broader and longer crowns—while the W/L ratio remains relatively stable between sexes, indicating maintained proportionality. These findings inform esthetic tooth selection and forensic identification.