Efficient and affordable thermoelectric measurement setup using Arduino and LabVIEW for education and research

Thermoelectric materials can convert thermal energy into electricity, making them promising candidates for harvesting waste heat, an increasingly important challenge in the energy-intensive modern world. The search for improved thermoelectric materials is therefore an active area of research in materials physics. Despite their fundamental and practical significance, thermoelectric properties—such as the Seebeck coefficient and power factor—are rarely explored in student labs due to the complexity in measurement schemes and requirement for sophisticated equipment. In this work, we present a user-friendly, low-cost, and efficient thermoelectric measurement system built with Arduino and LabVIEW, which can simultaneously measure Seebeck coefficients and power factors as a function of temperature. This was made possible by improving the resolution of Arduino over ∼1000 times with amplifiers and noise reduction schemes. With a total cost of only ∼$100 and simple measurement protocols, this setup is well suited not only for student labs but also for efficient thermoelectric research.