Cannabis and nicotine/tobacco co-use and its association with cognitive and neural outcomes: A systematic review

Although findings were heterogenous, converging evidence suggests that cannabis and NTP use may offset each other in cognitive and brain functional outcomes, mitigating impairments linked to single-substance use. These results offer novel insight into the cognitive and neurobiological factors that may underlie co-use and may help inform treatment. Rather than extrapolating cannabis and NTP co-use treatment from single-substance treatment approaches, interventions targeting the unique mechanisms of co-use may prove most effective.