Assessing air quality improvements during the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics: A case for sustainable urban management

Air pollution remains one of the most pressing environmental challenges facing rapidly urbanizing regions worldwide, threatening public health and sustainable development. Mega-sporting events like the Olympic Games often lead to increased environmental regulation, creating a rare opportunity to implement large-scale air quality management measures. However, whether these short-term interventions result in long-term improvements in urban air quality remains an open question. This study examines whether the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games served as a catalyst for long-term improvements in air quality. Using an event study method, monthly Air Quality Index data were analyzed to estimate pollution levels that would have occurred without the Games, along with a review of policy documents detailing event-specific environmental measures. The findings indicate that air quality significantly improved from March to December 2021, with positive effects lasting up to eight months after the Olympics. These improvements resulted from a combination of targeted emission controls, transition to cleaner energy sources, and strict enforcement measures. The findings indicate that well-designed and consistently enforced environmental policies implemented during mega-events can produce lasting benefits for urban air quality. This study offers valuable insights for policymakers and event organizers aiming to use global sporting events to promote sustainable urban management.