Dynamic neural processing of self-other synchronization error in interpersonal coordination

The human capacity to produce precisely synchronized actions with others is critical for everyday cooperative activities. Such interpersonal coordination is supported by dynamic neural processes that minimize discrepancies between the movements of self and others. Here we use EEG and movement data from 28 pairs of participants performing an improvised joint synchronization task to investigate how the brain continuously tracks self-other synchronization error. Results revealed a central role of the dorsal visual stream dynamically balancing the neural tracking of self-other error depending on leadership roles. We found stronger neural tracking when following, evidenced by higher EEG-error coherence, suggesting a greater need for adaptation in this role. In contrast, leading was characterized by weaker coherence that peaked earlier, suggesting greater involvement of predictive top-down processes driven by motor regions, facilitated by knowledge of upcoming self-other error. Our findings provide insights into key neural processes underpinning interpersonal coordination and related disorders.