Multi-Objective Optimization of Load Flow in Power Systems: An Overview

The expanding complexity of power systems—driven by the motivation to reduce their carbon footprint by integrating renewable energy sources (RESs) in the grid, the increasing energy demand, grid scalability, and the necessity for reliable and sustainable operation—has made the optimal power flow (OPF) problem the main issue in power systems. Hence, the concept of muti-objective optimal power flow (MOOPF) in power systems has become a crucial tool for power system management and planning. This article provides an overview of recent optimization techniques in power systems that have MOOPF as their central problem, as well as their applications in power systems, with the purpose of identifying significant approaches, challenges and trends when it comes to large-scale probabilistic MOOPF. This overview was developed based on an in-depth analysis of MOOPF techniques, the classification of their applications, and the formulation of the problem in power systems. This overview contributes to the existing literature by highlighting the evolution of optimization techniques, and the need for robust, probabilistic hybrid optimization techniques that can address variability, uncertainty, reliability, and sustainability in power systems. These findings are significant because they emphasize the current transition towards more adaptive and intelligent optimization strategies, which are essential to developing sustainable, dependable, and effective power systems, especially as we move towards smart grids and low-carbon energy systems.