Optimizing Structural Slab Selection for High-Rise Construction: Applied Value Engineering for Cost-Performance Balance

The slab system can account for a substantial portion of the structural cost; an optimized choice is essential for the financial success of a project. Despite its importance, existing research often relies on limited pairwise comparisons or single-criterion analyses (e.g., cost only), failing to provide a holistic framework. A significant gap exists in the application of a formal, quantitative Value Engineering (VE) approach that systematically balances function against cost. This study aims to fill this gap by developing a robust multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model to determine the optimal structural slab system for high-rise buildings based on the principles of Value Engineering. Unlike previous studies limited to pairwise comparisons or single-criterion analyses, this research simultaneously evaluates eight diverse slab alternatives across eight weighted performance criteria, providing a comprehensive value-based framework for systematic slab selection. First, eight key evaluation criteria were identified and weighted using the Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) method, based on input from a panel of industry experts. Subsequently, the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was used to evaluate the performance of eight distinct slab alternatives, including conventional, voided, and precast systems. The TOPSIS ranking scores were then integrated with normalized cost data to calculate a Value Engineering index, enabling quantitative comparison and final ranking of alternatives. The main finding revealed that the Post-Tension Slab offers the highest value (VE score = 2.467), achieving a superior balance of high performance—particularly in speed and structural efficiency—and low normalized cost. Interestingly, the traditional Solid Slab ranked a close second (VE score = 2.418). Practically, this study provides project managers, developers, and engineers with a transparent, data-driven decision-making tool to justify slab selection beyond mere cost-cutting, ensuring an optimal balance between cost, schedule, and functional performance. The study provides project managers, developers, and engineers with a transparent, data-driven decision-making tool to justify slab selection beyond cost considerations.