Predicting Behavioral Resistance to BIM Implementation Among Design Engineers in Construction Projects: An SQB-Based Empirical Study from China

The application of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in construction projects can significantly improve project efficiency, accuracy, and collaboration among stakeholders. However, construction professionals, particularly design engineers, exhibit behavioral resistance to BIM implementation, which has hindered the achievement of expected benefits. To explore the behavioral resistance to BIM implementation, this study integrates the status quo Bias (SQB) theory and the innovation diffusion theory and proposes a factor model for predicting the behavioral resistance of architectural engineering design engineers to BIM implementation. The model was empirically tested through partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) on survey data collected from design engineers in BIM-based construction projects in China. The results indicate the following: (1) resistance to change (β = 0.383), BIM compatibility, and BIM user satisfaction play prominent but independent roles in predicting behavioral resistance to BIM implementation, and (2) resistance to change is motivated by inertia (β = 0.473), self-efficacy, and perceived distributive equity. The proposed framework provides a more nuanced account of resistance to BIM implementation. Specifically, deep-seated cognitive biases and innovation-specific perceptions independently and jointly shape behavioral resistance, a distinction often overlooked in prior research. Practically, this research provides recommendations for effectively addressing resistance behaviors within construction project settings.