Market potential of Black Soldier Fly Larvae-based feed as a driver of agricultural and environmental sustainability. A case of Malawi

This study analysed the market potential of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) as a sustainable and economically viable protein source for livestock and fish in Malawi. With rising feed costs, protein shortages, and environmental concerns threatening animal production systems, BSFL offers a circular economy solution by converting organic waste into high-protein feed. Mixed-methods market assessment was conducted, incorporating surveys with farmers and retailers, descriptive statistics, Likert-scale analysis, and a Double-Bounded Dichotomous Choice model to estimate willingness to pay (WTP). Findings reveal that 38 % of farmers are aware of BSFL feed and generally perceive it positively in terms of affordability, sustainability, and potential to reduce dependence on conventional feed. Farmers reported an average WTP of USD 0.62 per kilogram, competitively priced against soybean meal (USD 0.59) and significantly lower than fishmeal (USD 1.32). Despite this interest, 25 % of the surveyed retailers indicated willingness to stock BSFL-based feeds, citing unfamiliarity, limited demand, and lack of awareness of product benefits as key barriers. Nonetheless, the estimated market value for BSFL-replaceable feed products exceeds USD 5.6 million annually, suggesting significant potential for commercialization if supported by awareness campaigns, retailer engagement, policy, and supply chain development. The study concludes that BSFL feed is a viable and sustainable alternative in the Malawian context, capable of reducing feed costs, supporting waste valorisation, environmental sustainability, and improving the resilience of animal production systems. • Farmers are aware of BSFL feed. • Farmers are willing to pay for BSFL feed at competitive price. • Retailers are willing to stock BSFL-based feeds. • Estimated market value for BSFL exceeds $ 5.6 million/yr. • Coordinated efforts are required to scale production.