Transmission characteristics of tuberculosis in the high-TB-burden region of Southwest China

A significant proportion of tuberculosis cases in L County are attributed to recent transmission occurring within communities or neighborhoods across townships for both sensitive and drug-resistant TB. These findings suggest that an active case-finding strategy should be implemented in this area to identify patients at the early stages. Furthermore, active screening should not only target key populations such as close household contacts or old population but also extend to all residents over 15 years. Improving chemotherapy treatment quality and patient follow-up is essential in L County.