Applying Appraisal Framework in EAP Writing Research: A Methodological Synthesis

ABSTRACT The Appraisal framework, a key component of systemic functional linguistics, offers a detailed model for analyzing evaluative language in discourse. Its fine‐grained categories have made it a valuable tool in English for academic purposes (EAP) writing research, where understanding how writers express stance and evaluation is central. However, its application presents methodological challenges: Analysts often struggle with consistent category differentiation, coding transparency and replicability of results. This study conducts a methodological synthesis of 72 publications (2000–2024) to systematically examine how Appraisal has been applied in EAP writing research. A systemic coding scheme aligned with four major categories, that is, theoretical framework, data, data analysis transparency, and study design, is adopted to identify patterns in data reporting, analytical choices, and methodological rigor. The analysis reveals that most studies reviewed lack fully transparent and replicable procedures, with limited reporting of reliability measures and inconsistent methodological detail. We call for the standardization of text analysis practices in Appraisal‐based research to enhance reliability, replicability, and the cumulative value of findings in discourse analysis.