Naturally Derived SENP1 Inhibitors with Anticancer Activity

SENP1 (sentrin-specific protease 1) mediates sumoylation, a reversible post-translational modification that attaches the SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) protein to target proteins. These modified proteins are essential in many key cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Disruptions in the balance between sumoylated and desumoylated proteins can lead to various pathological conditions, such as cancer. Experimental data suggest that certain natural compounds, including momordin Ic (Mc), hinokiflavone (HNK), triptolide (TPL), ursolic acid (UA), streptonigrin (SN), vialinin A (VA), thelephantin G (TG), and others, effectively inhibit SENP1 activity, thereby influencing the levels of sumoylated proteins and cellular processes. This article reviews existing knowledge on the structure and function of natural SENP1 inhibitors, particularly their potential application in cancer therapy, including their capacity to overcome resistance to conventional chemotherapies. Some of the natural SENP1 inhibitors tested so far interact directly with the enzyme's active site. The current understanding of how this interaction occurs is also discussed.