Evaluation of non‐target bait attraction by pollinating insects when using water‐storing granules for invasive ant management

Ant management using hydrogels or other WSG baits should pose relatively low risk to pollinating insects in the shrubland ecosystems studied. However, higher mortality among some non-target species from direct bait consumption may occur, species-specific effects may be challenging to predict, and indirect risks from pesticide residues should also be considered. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.