Standards for Reporting and Auditing Sustainability/Sustainability Reporting - between Global Convergence and European Specificity

Sustainability regulations have experienced accelerated development globally in recent years, showing different approaches in the United States (US) and the European Union (EU). These initiatives aim to strengthen corporate transparency, support the decarbonisation process and promote social responsibility. At the same time, they reflect a trend of convergence towards a unified global framework, in which international standards (International Sustainability Standards Board - ISSB, Global Reporting Initiative - GRI, Sustainability Accounting Standards Board - SASB) are combined with specific European regulations (Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive - CSRD, European Sustainability Reporting Standards - ESRS), seeking a balance between global uniformity and regional particularities. This study examines the similarities and differences between sustainability reporting and auditing regulations in the US and the EU through a qualitative approach that combines documentary analysis with benchmarking. At the same time, to illustrate the practical application of these normative frameworks, a case study is presented on two companies in the financial sector - ING Group (Europe) and JPMorgan Chase (USA).