High overlap of extant mammal ranges with sediment sinks indicates high fossilization potential of total diversity

Abstract Mammalian species richness is commonly highest at mid- to high elevations, but the accumulation of sediment that might bury and preserve skeletal remains generally occurs at lower elevations, leading to concerns that fossil assemblages are biased toward low-elevation taxa. Here, I use extant mammals as an analogue to test the basin-scale spatial overlap between species ranges and sediment sinks where burial and fossilization would be possible. Sediment sinks are estimated within five topographically complex regions in western North America by identifying areas with both a low slope and a high contributing area of runoff and are compared with point occurrences of mammals compiled from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). I find that, among the test areas, 82–96% of all species have occurrences that overlap with a sediment sink, despite common offsets in the elevations of maximum sink area and maximum species richness: summed across all test areas, 83% of species and 87% of total sediment sink area are found in the lowest 1000 m of the test areas. Although many other factors can act against the fossilization of terrestrial mammals, these results indicate that the spatial distribution of mammal species with respect to sediment sinks should not in itself impose a major bias at the basin scale.