Multi-objective optimization of P2P energy trading for consumer–prosumer benefits and reliability improvement in LV distribution grids

Integrating distributed generation into the main grid requires the active participation of both consumers and prosumers, offering technical and financial benefits for all stakeholders. This study proposes a multi-objective optimization approach to enhance peer-to-peer (P2P) market operations within low-voltage distribution grids. It focuses on optimizing the placement of modular PV panels, maximizing prosumer profits, and refining P2P strategies. Key objectives include minimizing the payback periods for PV owners and reducing the average monthly energy costs for consumers. The Multi-Objective Advanced Gray Wolf Optimizer (MOAGWO) is used as the solution method. Operational scenarios are also compared from a consumer reliability perspective as an assessment metric. The methodology is applied to a 55-node European low-voltage test feeder across six scenarios. Results indicate that prosumer payback periods remain around eight years for up to four prosumers but increase with further installations. Average monthly energy costs for customers ranged from 653 t o 1079. A quality assessment based on three multi-objective optimization metrics showed that MOAGWO and MOGWO yielded comparable performances. • Pareto optimal solutions for the benefit of consumers and prosumers in LV distribution grids. • Provision of P2P energy trading options with multiple objectives. • Optimization of the energy and investment costs for consumers and prosumers. • Impacts of prosumer addition on customer reliability and a roadmap for prosumer investments. • Identification of the best prosumer locations for profit maximization.