Insights and limitations of endometrial cancer risk prediction models for clinical applicability: a systematic review

Current EC risk prediction models show moderate performance but suffer from limited external validation, homogeneity in demographics, and exclusion of diverse populations. Future research should focus on broadening participant diversity and incorporating new risk factors, such as hormonal intrauterine device use, hysterectomies, environmental exposures, and socio-economic status. Developing dynamic models that account for these factors and model outcomes that span various forms of the disease can improve clinical relevance. Personalized, risk-based approaches targeting high-risk groups may offer a viable path forward for EC screening and prevention strategies, ensuring more equitable cancer care and improving patient outcomes.