The influence of dopamine receptor SNPs on substance use disorder in a Jordanian cohort

A significant association was observed between the rs686 SNP and SUD, with the GG genotype showing a statistically significant association with SUD onset. The rs6280 (T > C) SNP in the DRD3 gene was significantly associated with SUD, as evidenced by both genotypic and allelic frequency analyses. Furthermore, the CG haplotype (rs4532, rs686) of DRD1 and the ACG haplotype (rs936461, rs936460, rs936465) of DRD4 were significantly associated with SUD onset, suggesting their potential roles as genetic risk factors. Multinomial logistic regression analysis identified smoking and marital status as factors significantly associated with the studied genotypes, further increasing the risk of SUD.