Comparative performance of large language models in answering periodontology questions from the Turkish Dental Specialty Examination: a cross-sectional study on accuracy and coverage

Among the tested LLMs, ChatGPT-4 consistently outperformed others in accuracy, while DeepSeek-R1 and Gemini demonstrated moderate performance and Claude lagged behind. Accuracy was lower in clinical questions, reflecting the contextual complexity of clinical reasoning. Coverage scores did not differ significantly, indicating broadly similar comprehensiveness of responses.