Exploration of Treatment Parameters and Theoretical Basis of Hematoporphyrin-Based Photodynamic Therapy in Cholangiocarcinoma

This study investigates the hemoporphyrin-based PDT for human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines RBE and HuccT1. The treatment effect and treatment parameters were evaluated from both cell and xenograft mouse models. The optimal therapeutic dose and photosensitizer concentration for hemoporphyrin-based PDT cholangiocarcinoma cells were 2 J/cm² and 1.5 μg/mL, respectively. In the xenograft mouse model, there was a significant difference in tumor volume between the experimental and control groups on days 7, and 14 post-treatment (p < 0.05). On day 15, the tumor volumes of 0.54 ± 0.07 cm² and 1.35 ± 0.21 cm² in the experimental and control groups were statistically significant. The expression levels of CD31, VEGF-A, MMP2, MMP9 and Ki-67 in the experimental group were significantly reduced, while the Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 were opposite. In vitro and in vivo results showed that hemoporphyrin-based PDT significantly inhibited the growth of cholangiocarcinoma cells.