A non-toxic, exosome-loaded photosensitizer demonstrates effective anticancer efficacy

The poor water solubility of the photosensitizer used in photodynamic therapy necessitates its dissolution in toxic organic solvents, resulting in severe side effects that hinder direct clinical applications. To address this challenge, a two-step strategy was employed: 1. Solubilization Buffer Development: A novel solubilization buffer comprising low-concentration Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) and Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) was developed. 2. Exosome Loading Method: The solubilized photosensitizer was loaded into exosomes. The outcome revealed that approximately 30% of the photosensitizer, MPP100, was effectively loaded into the exosomes. Furthermore, when these exosomes were exposed to light in the presence of lung cancer cells, they demonstrated excellent photodynamic therapeutic effects without any observed toxicity issues. The development of this novel solubilization buffer and efficient loading method could significantly enhance the safety and efficacy of photodynamic therapy, paving the way for more effective treatment strategies against human diseases.